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Cover n.11-12 year XIII, 1968. Source: https:\/\/www.lavocedinewyork.com\/arts\/libri\/2017\/10\/20\/silone-e-sciascia-verita\/<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Title of the magazine:
\n<\/em><\/strong>“Tempo presente” [Present time]\n

Dates:<\/strong> 1956\u20131968; 1980\u2013still active (second edition)<\/p>\n

Place of publication:<\/em><\/strong> Rome<\/p>\n

Founders:<\/em><\/strong> Ignazio Silone, Nicola Chiaromonte<\/p>\n

Total number of issues:<\/em><\/strong> 127 (1956 – 1968)<\/p>\n

Principal contributors:<\/em><\/strong> Enzo Bettiza, Carlo Riccio, Enzo Forcella, Angelo Maria Ripellino, Alberto Ronchey, Gustaw Herling-Grudzi\u0144ski, Gleb Struve, Boris Pasternak, Andrei Siniavskii, Iulii Dani\u0117l\u2019, Ivan Anissimov, Isaiah Berlin.<\/p>\n

Description:
\n<\/em><\/strong>\u201cTempo Presente\u201d was first published from 1956 to 1968, and then from 1980 to the present day.\u00a0 The first series was especially important for the dissemination of alternative Russian literature and culture in Italy. The magazine was founded by Ignazio Silone<\/a> and Nicola Chiaromonte with the aim of publishing cultural material from all over the world, including the Soviet Union. The founders were committed to the principles of freedom of expression and did not wish to promote any kind of ideology. An editorial statement on the first page, which, although unsigned, was certainly written by the two editors, emphasised their desire to instigate an exchange of ideas among people in as sincere a way as possible.
\nThanks to its editor Luigi De Luca, the format of \u201cTempo Presente\u201d, which was published monthly for a total of 11 annual issues (the issues of two months were combined) remained unchained.\u00a0 The magazine dealt with a wide range of subjects over the years, publishing articles by many Italian academics, and, largely thanks to the efforts of Chiaromonte became an important mouthpiece for writers and critics with different points of view (cf. Panizza 2017: 363-377). Critical essays and stories written by dissenting Soviet intellectuals were regularly published in the 1960s as well as articles by Italian scholars of Russian literature, translations of Russian short stories and articles on the events that characterised the years leading up to the Thaw and destalinization.
\nGustaw Herling-Grudzi\u0144ski explores the phenomenon of the Thaw through the most important figures of the time, such as Abram Terts; while in 1961 the Jewish-American journalist Louis Fisher (cf. Fisher 1961: 599-602), and in 1962 the editor Nicola Chiaromonte (cf. Chiaromonte 1962: 67-68) also wrote about the apparently more liberal climate of Khrushchev\u2019s early years. Also in 1962, the Hungarian journalist Tibor M\u00e9ray violently attacked Khrushch\u00ebv from the pages of the magazine (cf. M\u00e9ray 1962: 846-847). Enzo Bettiza\u2019s column Diario di Mosca <\/em>(Moscow Diary)<\/em>, appeared in many issues of \u201cTempo presente\u201d, a space in which the writer discussed the ambiguity of destalinisation, which he considered an instrument used by the regime to mask its compromises and endless duplicities.
\nFrom 1958, the magazine became increasingly important in giving voice to Soviet dissent, publishing works by writers who could not publish in their own country. Significant space was given to the Pasternak affair<\/a> with essays by Chiaromonte, the German journalist Gerd Ruge, El\u00e9mire Zolla and the critic Pietro Citati, among others, in defence of the writer and poet, victim of Soviet political repression. In December 1965, the magazine published an essay by Pasternak\u2019s friend, Andrei Siniavskii entitled L\u2019ultimo Pasternak<\/em> (The Latest Pasternak) (cf. Sinjavskij 1965: 10-14), which illustrates the most recent literary activity of the writer.
\n\u201cTempo presente\u201d closely followed the Siniavskii-Dani\u0117l\u2019 trial<\/a>, which began in 1965. Sinyavsky had appeared on the cover of the magazine\u2019s double issue for September-October 1959 which had published his short story, Si fa il processo<\/em> (The Trial Begins) (cf. Sinjavskij 1959: 676-714), under the pseudonym Abram Terts, translated by Anjuta Maver Lo Gatto. The magazine also published the equally important essay, Che cos\u2019\u00e8 il realismo socialista<\/em><\/a> (On Socialist Realism) (cf. ibid.: <\/em>715-736), translated by Venezio Smith which had already appeared anonymously in tamizdat<\/em> in 1957 in Paris. In 1961 an essay by the Polish writer Gustaw Herling-Grudzi\u0144ski, editor of \u201cKultura\u201d the tamizdat<\/em> magazine of Polish emigrants in Paris, was published with the title Il processo continua<\/em> (The Trial Continues) (cf. Herling 1961: 774-778) which linked the \u201cAnonymous Soviet\u201d author of What is Social Realism to the name Abram Terts, thus highlighting the importance of \u201cTempo Presente\u201d in disseminating Siniavskii\u2019s works.
\nHerling-Grudzi\u0144ski was a regular contributor to \u201cTempo Presente\u201d, who wrote several essays for the magazine on the Thaw and the situation in the USSR, as well as a strenuous defence of Siniavskii and Daniel\u2019 after the trial in 1966, which he defined as a \u201cmock trial\u201d.<\/p>\n

Cecilia D’Ambrosi
\n<\/em><\/strong>[30th June 2021]\n

Translation by Cecilia D’Ambrosi<\/p>\n

Bibliography<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n